What is defined as a possible solution to a decision problem that can be empirically tested?

A hypothesis is defined as a possible solution to a decision problem that can be empirically tested. In the context of marketing analysis and research, a hypothesis offers a specific, testable prediction regarding the relationship between variables or outcomes. Essentially, it posits a causal or correlational assertion that can be examined through research methods, such as experiments or surveys.

When researchers formulate a hypothesis, they lay the groundwork for their study by creating a statement that can be supported or refuted through data collection and analysis. This process is critical in scientific research, as it guides the investigation, helping to focus on what is being tested and providing a clear framework for deriving conclusions.

The other concepts listed do not fulfill the criteria of a testable solution to a decision problem. A dependent variable refers to the outcome that researchers measure in relation to changes in an independent variable. An independent variable is the one that is manipulated or altered to observe its effect on the dependent variable. A negative relationship describes the nature of the association between two variables but does not represent a testable hypothesis on its own. Therefore, the correct answer is the one that signifies a statement posed for testing in research settings.