What term describes a measurable outcome derived from the manipulation of independent variables?

The term that describes a measurable outcome derived from the manipulation of independent variables is the dependent variable. In research, the independent variable is the one that is changed or controlled to test its effects on the dependent variable. Essentially, the dependent variable reflects the outcome or response that researchers are interested in measuring as it changes in response to alterations made to the independent variable.

For example, if a marketing study aims to assess how different levels of advertising expenditure (independent variable) affect sales revenue (dependent variable), sales revenue will be the measurable outcome that is analyzed to evaluate the impact of the advertising expenditure changes. This clearly highlights how dependent variables are researched in relation to the manipulation of independent variables, making them crucial in experimental designs and marketing analysis.