What type of research emphasizes the use of structured questioning with predetermined response options?

The correct answer is quantitative research. This type of research is characterized by its emphasis on collecting and analyzing numerical data through structured questioning techniques. Predetermined response options, such as multiple-choice questions or Likert scales, provide a systematic way to gather data that enables researchers to quantify variables and analyze the relationships among them. This structured approach allows for statistical analysis, making it possible to draw generalizations or identify patterns within a larger population.

In contrast, qualitative research focuses on understanding concepts, thoughts, or experiences and typically features open-ended questions that allow for more in-depth responses. Exploratory research is aimed at gaining insights and understanding about a problem or situation when less is known, often using qualitative methods. Descriptive research, while it may involve structured questioning, is more about providing a snapshot of a situation or phenomenon rather than engaging in the statistical analysis typical of quantitative research. Understanding these distinctions clarifies why quantitative research is the most suitable answer when considering structured questioning with predetermined responses.